Electrical cutting and vessel sealing jaw members

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to an end effector assembly for use with an electrosurgical instrument. The end effector assembly includes a pair of opposing first and second jaw members and a first electrically conductive cutting plate. The pair of opposing first and second jaw members is movable to cooperatively grasp tissue. Each of the jaw members includes a tissue contacting plate that is disposed thereon and has a longitudinal channel that is defined therealong. The first electrically conductive cutting plate includes a cutting element that extends along the first electrically conductive cutting plate and into the longitudinal channel of the first jaw member to engage and electrosurgically sever tissue upon activation thereof.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus that includes an endeffector assembly for performing electrosurgical procedures, and, moreparticularly, an end effector assembly that allows a user to selectivelyseal and cut tissue.

2. Description of Related Art

Open or endoscopic electrosurgical forceps utilize both mechanicalclamping action and electrical energy to effect hemostasis. Theelectrode of each opposing jaw member is charged to a different electricpotential such that when the jaw members grasp tissue, electrical energycan be selectively transferred through the tissue. A surgeon cancauterize, coagulate/desiccate, and/or simply reduce or slow thebleeding, by controlling the intensity, frequency and duration of theelectrosurgical energy applied between the electrodes and through thetissue.

Typically, and particularly with respect to endoscopic electrosurgicalprocedures, once a vessel is sealed, the surgeon has to remove thesealing instrument from the operative site, substitute a new instrumentthrough the cannula and accurately sever the vessel along the newlyformed tissue seal. This additional step may be both time consuming(particularly when sealing a significant number of vessels) and maycontribute to imprecise separation of the tissue along the sealing linedue to the misalignment or misplacement of the severing instrument alongthe center of the tissue seal.

Certain types of open and endoscopic electrosurgical forceps, asmentioned above, also utilize a movable knife or cutting blade that ismovable via a knife channel. The knife channel is defined by a jawmember and is often characterized as a narrow cavity within the jawmember. After tissue has been treated (e.g., sealed or coagulated) bythe forceps, the knife is moved along the knife channel and cuts orsevers the treated tissue. In certain situations, tissue debris istrapped within the knife channel and frequently obstructs the path ofthe knife. When this or similar situations occur, unnecessarycomplications arise for the user during a surgical procedure.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to an end effector assembly for use withan electrosurgical instrument. The end effector assembly includes a pairof opposing first and second jaw members and a first electricallyconductive cutting plate. The pair of opposing first and second jawmembers is movable to cooperatively grasp tissue. Each of the jawmembers includes a tissue contacting plate that is disposed thereon andhas a longitudinal channel that is defined therealong. The longitudinalchannels are disposed in substantial vertical registration relative toone another. The first electrically conductive cutting plate is disposedon the first jaw member below the tissue contacting plate and is adaptedto connect to a first potential of an electrosurgical energy source. Thefirst electrically conductive cutting plate includes a cutting elementthat extends along the first electrically conductive cutting plate andinto the longitudinal channel of the first jaw member to engage andelectrosurgically sever tissue upon activation thereof. The cuttingelement may include a cutting edge that facilitates mechanicalseparation of tissue during electrical activation thereof. The firstelectrically conductive cutting plate may include a stamped portion thatis bent therefrom to form the cutting element.

In embodiments, the tissue contacting plate of the first jaw member maybe electrically non-conductive or electrically conductive and adapted toconnect to the electrosurgical energy source. The first jaw member alsomay include an insulator that is disposed between the tissue contactingplate and the first electrically conductive cutting plate. A portion ofthe electrically conductive cutting plate of the first jaw member may besandwiched between two layers of insulative material.

In embodiments, the second jaw member may include a second electricallyconductive cutting plate that is disposed on a non-tissue contactingside of the tissue contacting plate. The second electrically conductivecutting plate of the second jaw member may be adapted to connect to anopposite potential of an electrosurgical energy source. A portion of thesecond electrically conductive cutting plate may be disposed within thelongitudinal channel of the tissue contacting plate of the second jawmember. Additionally or alternatively, a portion of the electricallyconductive cutting plates of the jaw members may be sandwiched betweentwo layers of insulative material, for example, a polymeric material.

In embodiments, the cutting element of the first electrically conductivecutting plate and the second electrically conductive cutting platecooperate to grasp tissue therebetween. In embodiments, the cuttingelement of the first electrically conductive cutting plate may becentrally or non-centrally disposed within the longitudinal channel ofthe at least the first jaw member.

The present disclosure also relates to an end effector assembly for usewith an electrosurgical instrument and includes a pair of opposing firstand second jaw members and a first electrically resistive cutting plate.The pair of opposing first and second jaw members is movable tocooperatively grasp tissue. Each of the jaw members includes a tissuecontacting plate that is disposed thereon and has a longitudinal channeldefined therealong. The longitudinal channels are disposed insubstantial vertical registration relative to one another. The firstelectrically resistive cutting plate is disposed on the first jaw memberbelow the tissue contacting plate and is adapted to connect to anelectrical energy source. The first electrically resistive cutting plateincludes a cutting element that extends along the first electricallyresistive cutting plate and into the longitudinal channel of the firstjaw member to engage, heat, and separate tissue upon activation thereof.The first electrically resistive cutting plate may be configured to heattissue to a threshold temperature assuring separation of tissue.

The present disclosure also relates to a method of manufacturing an endeffector assembly. The method includes the step of providing a pair ofopposing first and second jaw members that is movable to cooperativelygrasp tissue. Each of the jaw members include a tissue contacting platethat is disposed thereon and has a longitudinal channel that is definedtherealong. The longitudinal channels are disposed in substantialvertical registration relative to one another, respectively. The firstelectrically conductive cutting plate is adapted to connect to a firstpotential of an electrosurgical energy source. The method also includesthe step of providing a first electrically conductive cutting platedisposing on the first jaw member below the tissue contacting plate. Themethod also includes the step of stamping the first electricallyconductive cutting plate to define a cutting element. The method alsoincludes the step of bending the cutting element about a bending regionsuch that the cutting element extends along the first electricallyconductive cutting plate and into the longitudinal channel of the atleast the first jaw member. The method also includes the step ofapplying an insulative material to a portion of the first electricallyconductive cutting plate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments of the subject instrument are described herein withreference to the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an endoscopic bipolar forceps having anend effector assembly attached to a distal end of the forceps accordingto one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an open bipolar forceps having a pairof first and second shafts and further having an end effector assemblyattached to a distal end of the shafts according to one embodiment ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 2B is an enlarged schematic view of the end effector assembly ofFIG. 2A;

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the end effector assembly of FIG. 1illustrating a cutting plate in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 3B is a perspective view of another embodiment of the presentlydisclosed end effector assembly having a curved configuration and shownin an open position having a curved cutting plate in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the end effector assembly of FIG. 3Ashown in a closed position and grasping tissue therebetween;

FIG. 5A is a perspective view illustrating the curved cutting plate ofFIG. 3B;

FIG. 5B is a perspective view of an embodiment of a cutting edge of acutting plate similar to FIG. 3A;

FIG. 5C is a perspective view of another embodiment of a cutting edge ofa cutting plate similar to FIG. 3A;

FIG. 6 is a front cross-sectional view of the end effector assembly ofFIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a front cross-sectional view of an end effector assemblyillustrating another embodiment of a cutting plate in accordance withthe present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a detailed view of the front cross-sectional view of the endeffector assembly of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a front cross-sectional view of the end effector assembly ofFIG. 6 illustrating another embodiment of tissue contacting plate inaccordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 10 illustrates a method of manufacturing an end effector assemblyin accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the presently disclosed electrosurgical instrument aredescribed in detail with reference to the drawing figures wherein likereference numerals identify similar or identical elements. As usedherein, the term “distal” refers to that portion which is further from auser while the term “proximal” refers to that portion which is closer toa user.

Referring now to the figures, FIG. 1 depicts a bipolar forceps 10 asused in correlation with endoscopic surgical procedures and FIG. 2Adepicts an open forceps 100 as used in correlation with open surgicalprocedures. For the purposes herein, either an endoscopic instrument oran open instrument may be utilized with the novel end effector assemblydescribed herein. It should be noted that different electrical andmechanical connections and considerations apply to each particular typeof instrument. However, the novel aspects, with respect to the endeffector assembly and its operating characteristics, remain generallyconsistent with respect to both the endoscopic or open designs.

Turning now to FIG. 1, a bipolar forceps 10 is shown for use withvarious endoscopic surgical procedures and generally includes a housing20, a handle assembly 30, a rotating assembly 80, first and secondswitch assemblies 200 and 202, respectively, and an end effectorassembly 300. The end effector assembly 300 includes opposing jawmembers 310 and 320 that mutually cooperate to grasp, seal and/or dividetubular vessels/vascular tissue, or any other suitable tissue (as shownin FIG. 4). The opposing jaw members 310 and 320 include sealing plates312 and 322 (also referred to, throughout the description, as sealingplates, sealing electrodes, or tissue contacting plates) and cuttingplates 316 and 330 (also referred to, throughout the description, aselectrically conductive cutting plates or cutting electrodes), whichwill be further described below Forceps 10 includes a shaft 12 that hasa distal end 16 dimensioned to mechanically engage the end effectorassembly 300 and a proximal end 14 that mechanically engages the housing20. The shaft 12 may include one or more known mechanically engagingcomponents that are designed to securely receive and engage the endeffector assembly 300 such that the jaw members 310 and 320 arepivotable relative to one another to engage and grasp tissuetherebetween.

The proximal end 14 of the shaft 12 mechanically engages the rotatingassembly 80 (not shown) to facilitate rotation of the end effectorassembly 300. Handle assembly 30 includes a fixed handle 50 and amovable handle 40. Fixed handle 50 is integrally associated with housing20 and handle 40 is movable relative to fixed handle 50 to actuate theopposing jaw members 310 and 320 of the end effector assembly 300.

First and second switch assemblies 200 and 202 are configured toselectively provide electrical energy to the end effector assembly 300.More particularly, the first switch assembly 200 is configured toselectively provide electrical energy to the sealing plates 312, 322 andsecond switch assembly 202 is configured to selectively provideelectrical energy to cutting plates 316, 330 (as shown in the variousfigures). Handle assembly 30 further includes a cable 204 that connectsthe forceps 10 to a source of electrosurgical energy, e.g., anelectrosurgical generator 206. Cable 204 is internally divided withinthe handle assembly 30 and the shaft 12 to transport electrosurgicalenergy through various conductive paths and ultimately to end effectorassembly 300.

First and second switch assemblies 200 and 202 may also cooperate with asmart sensor 218 (or smart circuit, computer, feedback loop, etc.) thatautomatically triggers one of the switches to change between the“sealing” mode and the “cutting” mode upon the satisfaction of aparticular parameter. For example, the smart sensor 218 may include afeedback loop that indicates when a tissue seal is complete based uponone or more of the following parameters: tissue temperature, tissueimpedance at the seal, change in impedance of the tissue over timeand/or changes in the power or current applied to the tissue over time.An audible or visual feedback monitor may be employed to conveyinformation to the surgeon regarding the overall seal quality or thecompletion of an effective tissue seal. A separate lead may be connectedbetween the smart sensor and the generator for visual and/or audiblefeedback purposes.

Alternatively, the smart sensor 218 may be configured to activate basedupon a desired cutting parameter and/or after an effective seal iscreated or has been verified. For example, after effectively sealing thetissue, the cutting plate(s) may be automatically activated based upon adesired end tissue thickness at the seal.

As mentioned above, the end effector assembly 300 is positioned on thedistal end 16 of shaft 12 and includes the opposing jaw members 310 and320. Movable handle 40 of the handle assembly 30 translates movement ofthe jaw members 310 and 320 from an open position (also referred to as afirst position), such that the jaw members 310 and 320 are disposed inspaced relation relative to one another to a clamped or closed position(also referred to as a second position), such that the jaw members 310and 320 cooperate to grasp tissue therebetween.

Referring now to FIGS. 2A and 2B, an open forceps 100 is depicted andincludes end effector assembly 300 (similar to forceps 10) that isattached to a pair of elongated shaft portions 112 a and 112 b. Eachelongated shaft portion, 112 a and 112 b, respectively, has a proximalend 114 a and 114 b, respectively, and a distal end 116 a and 116 b,respectively. The end effector assembly 300 includes jaw members 310 and320 that attach to distal ends 116 a and 116 b of shafts 112 a and 112b, respectively. The jaw members 310 and 320 are connected about pivotpin 119 that allows the jaw members 310 and 320 to pivot relative to oneanother from the first to second positions for treating tissue (asdescribed above). Seal plates 312 and 322 are connected to opposing jawmembers 310 and 320 and include electrical connections through or aroundthe pivot pin 119.

Each shaft 112 a and 112 b includes a handle 117 a and 117 b disposed atthe proximal end 114 a and 114 b thereof. Handles 117 a and 117 bfacilitate movement of the shafts 112 a and 112 b relative to oneanother which, in turn, pivot the jaw members 310 and 320 from the openposition wherein the jaw members 310 and 320 are disposed in spacedrelation relative to one another to the clamping or closed positionwherein the jaw members 310 and 320 cooperate to grasp tissuetherebetween.

In some embodiments, one or more of the shafts, e.g., shaft 112 a,includes a first switch assembly 200 and a second switch assembly 202.First and second switch assemblies 200 and 202 are configured toselectively provide electrical energy to the end effector assembly 300.More particularly, the first switch assembly 200 is configured toselectively provide electrical energy to the sealing plates 312, 322 andsecond switch assembly 202 is configured to selectively provideelectrical energy to cutting plates 316, 330 (as shown in the variousfigures).

In an example embodiment, as depicted in FIG. 2A, a ratchet 130 isincluded for selectively locking the jaw members 310 and 320 relative toone another at various positions during pivoting. The ratchet 130includes a first mechanical interface 130 a associated with shaft 112 aand a second mating mechanical interface 130 b associated with shaft 112b. Each position associated with the cooperating ratchet interfaces 130a and 130 b holds a specific, i.e., constant strain energy in the shaftmembers 112 a and 112 b which, in turn, transmits a specific closingforce to the jaw members 310 and 320. It is envisioned that the ratchet130 may include graduations or other visual markings that enable theuser to easily and quickly ascertain and control the amount of closureforce desired between the jaw members 310 and 320.

With continued reference to FIG. 2A, forceps 100 is depicted having acable 204 that connects the forceps 100 to a source of electrosurgicalenergy, e.g., an electrosurgical generator 206. In a similar fashion toforceps 10, cable 204 of forceps 100 is internally divided within theshaft 112 b to transmit electrosurgical energy through variouselectrical conductive paths to the components of the end effectorassembly 300.

As best shown in the example schematic illustration of FIG. 2B, the jawmembers 310 and 320 of both the endoscopic version of FIG. 1 and theopen version of FIG. 2A are generally symmetrical and include similarcomponent features that cooperate to permit facile rotation about pivots19, 119 to effect the grasping, sealing and/or cutting of tissue. Eachjaw member 310 and 320 includes an electrically conductive tissuecontacting surface 312 and 322, respectively, which cooperate to engagethe tissue during sealing and/or cutting. Further, each jaw members 310and 320 includes an electrically energizable cutting plate 316 and 330,which cooperate to engage the tissue during sealing and/or cutting.Together, and as shown in the various figures described throughout thedescription, the end effector assembly 300 includes the combination ofthe sealing plates 312 and 322 and the cutting plates 316 and 330 toperform various electrosurgical procedures.

Various electrical connections of the end effector assembly 300 may beutilized and can be configured to provide electrical continuity to thesealing plates 312 and 322 and the cutting plates 316 and 330 throughthe end effector assembly 300. For example, the cable 204 may beconfigured to contain one or more different wires (e.g., wires 207, 208and 209) each of which may be configured to carry different electricalpotentials. The wires 207, 208 and 209 may be disposed within shaft 112b and connect to various electrical connectors (not shown) disposedwithin the proximal end of the jaw member 310, which ultimately connectto the electrically conductive sealing plates 312 and 322 and cuttingplates 316 and 330.

The various electrical connections contained within cable 204 aretypically dielectrically insulated from one another to allow selectiveand independent activation of either the sealing plates 312, 322 or thecutting plates 316, 330 by any of the first and second switch assemblies200 and 202. Alternatively, the end effector assembly 300 may include asingle connector that includes an internal switch (not shown) to allowselective and independent activation of the sealing plates 312, 322 andthe cutting plates 316, 330. The wires 207, 208 and 209 (and/orconductive pathways) do not encumber the movement of the jaw members310, 320 relative to one another during the manipulation and grasping oftissue. Likewise, the movement of the jaw members 310, 320 does notunnecessarily strain the lead connections.

Turning now to FIGS. 3-9, the present disclosure describes variousembodiments of an end effector assembly having electrically conductivecutting plates. FIG. 3A shows the end effector assembly 300 positionedand attached on the distal end 16 of the instrument 10. In general, jawmembers 310, 320 include sealing plates 312, 322, cutting plates 316,330, and first and second insulating materials 314 a, 314 b and 324 a,324 b (shown in FIGS. 7-9). The first and second insulating materials314 a, 314 b and 324 a, 324 b are configured to electrically isolate thecutting plates to prevent any short-circuiting with surrounding elements(e.g., sealing plates 312 and 322).

As depicted in the figures, the seal plates 312, 314 are disposed alongthe length of the jaw members 310, 320 and are adapted to connect to anelectrosurgical generator 206 (shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A) via the variouselectrical connections described above. Similarly, cutting plates 316and 330 are also disposed along the length of the jaw members 310, 320and are adapted to connect to an electrosurgical generator 206. Inessence, the cutting plates and the seal plates are parallel to eachother and separated via insulating materials, along the jaw members. Theseal plates 312, 314 and the cutting plates 316, 330 may be manufacturedfrom any suitable metal, for example, but not limited to, stainlesssteel. The seal plates 312 and 314 may be press-formed by a stampingprocess, an overmolding process, a process that involves overmolding astamped electrically conductive sealing plate, and/or a process thatinvolves overmolding a metal injection molded seal plate.

The cutting plates 316 and 330 of the present disclosure may be may befabricated in a variety of forms. In this manner, the cutting plates areconfigured and dimensioned to be mounted into customary straight jawmembers 310 and 320 (as shown in FIG. 3A), curved jaw members 410 and420 (as shown in FIG. 3B), or any other shaped jaw members includingirregularly shaped jaw members. A novel aspect of the presentlydisclosed cutting plates is the reduction of movable parts. In essence,cutting plates 330, 430, and 530, as they will all be described furtherbelow, are stationary cutting plates that are energized via any suitabletype of energy (e.g., electrical, ultrasonic, microwave, cryogenic,heat, and laser).

In an example embodiment, cutting plate 316 is formed in a generallyflat-shaped configuration. Cutting plate 330 is press-stamped by anysuitable pressing process such that a cutting element or cutting flange332 is formed about a bending region 330 a (as shown in FIG. 6). Duringuse, cutting plate 316 is approximated towards cutting plate 330 suchthat cutting edge 334 is proximate the cutting plate 316. In someelectrosurgical embodiments, cutting plate 316 may be configured to be aground, while cutting plate 330 may be configured to have an electricalcharge, for example, a positive or negative charge, or vice versa. Inalternative embodiments, cutting plate 316 may be configured to have anegative charge, while cutting plate 330 may be configured to have apositive charge, or vice versa.

Turning now to another example embodiment, as depicted in FIG. 5A, acurved cutting plate 430 is pressed and/or stamped in such a manner thata cutting flange 432 is formed about a bending region 430 a of thecutting plate 430. More specifically, a cut portion 430 b of the cuttingplate 430 is cut and/or pressed through the sheet of metal and theremaining bent portion 430 a is bent to define the cutting flange 432.After cutting plate 430 is pressed or stamped, cutting flange 432 isbent to a substantially normal (e.g., about 90 degrees) configuration,depicted by directional arrow “Y”, to a plane of the cutting plate 430,depicted by directional arrow “X.” The “hole” created by thepress-stamped and/or cutting process of the cutting flange 432 definesan opening 436. A method of manufacturing jaw members 310 and 320 isdescribed hereinbelow in further detail.

In the embodiments depicted by FIGS. 3-5A, the cutting flange 432includes a substantially dull edge 434 and is configured to cut tissueexclusively via selective electrical activation. However, in otherembodiments, as depicted in FIGS. 5B and 5C, cutting flange 434 definesa sharp edge 434 a such that the sharpness of edge 434 a facilitatescutting of tissue T. It is contemplated that the cutting effect of sharpedge 434 a, in combination with the electrosurgical activation ofcutting plate 430, will facilitate effective cutting of tissue whengrasped between the jaw members 310 and 320. In FIG. 5C, the cuttingedge 434 defines a perforated edge 434 b (e.g., teeth, serrations, andindentations) that is configured to facilitate grasping and cutting oftissue when held between the jaw members 310 and 320.

Referring now to FIG. 6, the tissue contacting plates or seal plates312, 322, the cutting plates 316, 330, and, the first and secondinsulating materials 314 a, 314 b and 324 a, 324 b, together, definechannels 314 and 324 such that the cutting element 332 of cutting plate330 can pass therethrough. In this manner, the channels 314 and 324facilitate the ability of cutting flange 332 to grasp tissue T withinthe channel 314 and 324 as the jaw members 310 and 320 are approximatedto a closed position. As mentioned above, first and second insulatingmaterials 314 a, 314 b and 324 a, 324 b, of each respective jaw member,are configured to prevent short-circuiting from occurring between thecutting plates and the seal plates. Additionally or alternatively, theseal plates 312, 322 and the cutting plates 316, 330 may have aninsulative material (not explicitly shown) applied thereon. First andsecond insulating materials 314 a, 314 b and 324 a, 324 b are formedfrom any suitable dielectric material, for example, but not limited to,polymeric materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Referring now to FIG. 7, which depicts another example embodiment, jawmember 320 is depicted having a first cutting plate 530 that includes abase portion 531 and a cutting plate portion 532. The cutting flangeportion 532 may be fixedly attached to the base portion 531 by anysuitable attaching techniques. For example, the cutting flange 532 maybe attached by a technique which includes, but not limited to, welding,brazing, adhesive bonding, gluing, or any other suitable attachingprocess. In this embodiment, the cutting flange 532 is shaped and/or cutto any desired length, width, and/or dimension, to facilitate graspingof tissue T, when the jaw members 310 and 330 are approximated towardsthe second cutting plate 516 of the opposing jaw member 310.

More particularly, as best shown in FIG. 8, the base portion 531 and thecutting flange 532 are shaped and cut into any configuration in order todefine a variety of gaps within the end effector assembly 300. Forexample, a width W1 of base portion 531 is varied to define gaps G1 andG2. Gaps G1 and G2 define a space between the flange portion 532 andinsulating materials 324 a within the channel 324. By varying the widthW1 of the base portion 531, gaps G1 and G2 are varied such that theflange portion 532 may be moved along the width of channel 324. That is,the flange portion 532 may be centrally or non-centrally disposed withinthe longitudinal channel 324. Further, a height H1 of flange portion 532may be varied to define a gap G3 between the opposing seal plates 312and 322 when jaw members 310 and 320 are approximated towards oneanother. By varying the gaps G1, G2, and G3, end effector assembly 300can be manufactured to accommodate different types and sizes of tissueand different cutting effects. For example, flange edge 534 may beconfigured to act as a stop member when jaw members 310 a and 320 a areapproximated towards each other such that flange edge 534 grasps tissueagainst cutting plate 316. The flange edge 534 may be configured tocreate a gap of about 0.001 inches to about 0.006 inches between sealingplates 312 and 322. It is envisioned that the pressure of the tissueheld therebetween may be set to a desired pressure (e.g., about 3 kg/cm²to about 16 kg/cm²) to effectively seal tissue therebetween.

As can be appreciated, the various geometrical configurations andelectrical arrangements of the aforementioned end effector assembliesallow the surgeon to initially activate the two opposing electricallyconductive tissue contacting surfaces and seal the tissue and,subsequently, selectively and independently activate the cutting plateand one or more tissue contacting surfaces to cut the tissue utilizingthe various above-described and shown end effector assemblyconfigurations. Hence, the tissue is initially sealed and thereafter cutwithout re-grasping the tissue.

The cutting plate and one or more tissue contacting surfaces may also beactivated to simply cut tissue/vessels without initially sealing. Forexample, the jaw members 310 and 320 may be positioned about tissue andthe cutting plate 330 may be selectively activated to separate or simplycoagulate tissue. This type of alternative embodiment may beparticularly useful during certain endoscopic procedures wherein anelectrosurgical pencil is typically introduced to coagulate and/ordissect tissue during the operating procedure.

As disclosed herein, the present disclosure relates to the transfer ofelectrosurgical energy though opposing electrically conductive cuttingplates 316 and 330, each having different electrical potentials toeffect vessel cutting. However, it is also contemplated that thepresently disclosed embodiments, discussed herein, may be designed tocut the tissue structure using so-called “resistive heating” whereby,for example, the electrically resistive cutting plates, for example, 316and 330, are not necessarily electrically conductive surfaces. Rather,each of the electrically resistive cutting plates 316 and 330 is heatedmuch like a conventional “hot iron” such that the electrically resistivecutting plates 316 and 330 cooperate to cut the tissue upon contactand/or upon activation of a switch (e.g., 200 or 202) that selectivelyheats each electrically resistive cutting plate 316 and 330 uponactivation. In this embodiment, the resistive heating is achieved using,for example, but not limited to large heating blocks, resistive heatingwire, flexible foil heaters, resistance wire flexible heaters, and/or anexternally heated element. In order to effectively cut tissue, the heatplates are heated to a threshold temperature of about at least 100° C.

In another embodiment, as best shown in FIG. 9, the end effectorassembly 300 includes a pair of opposing jaw members 310 and 320 andelectrically conductive cutting plates 316 and 330. The pair of opposingand jaw members 310 and 320 is movable to cooperatively grasp tissue.The jaw members 310 and 320 are covered by insulating jaw covers 310 aand 320 a, respectively. Each of the jaw members 310 and 320 includes atissue contacting plate 312 and 322′ that is disposed thereon and has alongitudinal channel 314 and 324 that is defined therealong. Thelongitudinal channels 314 and 324 are disposed in substantial verticalregistration relative to one another. Electrically conductive cuttingplate 330 is disposed on jaw member 320 below the tissue contactingplate 322′ and is adapted to connect to a first potential of anelectrosurgical energy source 206 (as shown in FIG. 1). The electricallyconductive cutting plate 330 includes a cutting element 332 that extendsalong the electrically conductive cutting plate 330 and into thelongitudinal channel 324 of the jaw member 320 to engage andelectrosurgically sever tissue upon activation thereof. The cuttingelement 332 may include a cutting edge 334 that facilitates mechanicalseparation of tissue during electrical activation thereof.

In this embodiment, tissue contacting plate 322′ of jaw member 320 iselectrically non-conductive. In this manner, the electrically conductivecutting plate 330 of jaw member 320 is sandwiched between two layers ofinsulative material 322′ and 320 a.

The present disclosure also includes a method of manufacturing the endeffector assembly as illustrated in the flow chart of FIG. 10. Themethod includes a step 602 of providing a pair of opposing jaw members310 and 320 that is movable to cooperatively grasp tissue. Each of thejaw members 310 and 320 include a tissue contacting plate 312 and 322that is disposed thereon and has a longitudinal channel 314 and 324 thatis defined therealong. The longitudinal channels 314 and 324 aredisposed in substantial vertical registration relative to one another,respectively. The method also includes a step 604 of providing anddisposing an electrically conductive cutting plate 330 on the jaw member320 below the tissue contacting plate 322. The electrically conductivecutting plate 330 is also adapted to connect to a first potential of anelectrosurgical energy source 206 (as shown in FIG. 1). The method alsoincludes a step 606 of stamping the electrically conductive cuttingplate 330 to define a cutting element 332. The method also includes astep 608 of bending the cutting element 332 about a bending region 330 asuch that the cutting element 332 extends along the electricallyconductive cutting plate 330 and into the longitudinal channels 314 and324 of the opposing jaw members 310 and 320. The method also includes astep 610 of applying an insulative material 324 a to a portion of theelectrically conductive cutting plate 330.

The method 600 also includes a step of applying an insulative coating tothe components that are not intended to be used for cutting. In anadditional or alternative step, first and second insulating materials314 a, 314 b are provided and mounted to the first and second sides ofthe cutting plate, while at the same time, allowing the cutting element332 to be exposed and, thus, not insulated. In another step, a jaw cover320 a is provided and mounted on the jaw member 320 such that the cover320 a insulates any electrical current occurring around the jaw membersduring electrosurgical surgery. A similar method is utilized for theother jaw member 310 except the cutting plate 316 is not press-cut toinclude a flange. In another step, the jaw members 310 and 320 arecoupled together to form an end effector assembly 300. In another step,the end effector assembly 300 is mounted and attached to a distal end ofan open or endoscopic electrosurgical instrument.

While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in thedrawings, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, asit is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art willallow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the abovedescription should not be construed as limiting, but merely asexemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the artwill envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of theclaims appended hereto.

What is claimed:
 1. An end effector assembly for use with anelectrosurgical instrument, the end effector assembly comprising: a pairof opposing first and second jaw members having a longitudinal axisdefined therebetween, at least one of the first and second jaw membersmoveable relative to the other from a first, open position to a second,closed position for grasping tissue, each of the first and second jawmembers including a tissue contacting plate disposed thereon andextending along the longitudinal axis and having a longitudinal channeldefined therealong, the longitudinal channels disposed in substantialvertical registration relative to one another along the longitudinalaxis; and a first electrically conductive cutting plate disposed withinthe first jaw member, the cutting plate having a bent stamped portionthat forms a cutting element that extends perpendicularly relative tothe longitudinal axis along the first electrically conductive cuttingplate and into the longitudinal channel of at least the first jaw memberto engage and electrosurgically sever tissue upon activation thereof,wherein a remaining portion of the cutting plate forms a perimeteraround the stamped portion, wherein the bent stamped portion extendsfrom at least one segment of the perimeter and defines a gap between thebent stamped portion and the perimeter, and wherein the tissuecontacting plate of the first jaw member is electrically conductive andadapted to connect to an electrosurgical energy source; and an insulatordisposed between the tissue contacting plate and the first electricallyconductive cutting plate.
 2. The end effector assembly according toclaim 1, wherein the tissue contacting plate of the first jaw member iselectrically non-conductive.
 3. The end effector assembly according toclaim 1, wherein at least a portion of the electrically conductivecutting plate of the first jaw member is sandwiched between two layersof insulative material.
 4. The end effector assembly according to claim1, wherein the second jaw member includes a second electricallyconductive cutting plate disposed on a non-tissue contacting side of thetissue contacting plate, the second electrically conductive cuttingplate of the second jaw member adapted to connect to the electrosurgicalenergy source, at least a portion of the second electrically conductivecutting plate disposed within the longitudinal channel of the tissuecontacting plate of the second jaw member, and wherein at least aportion of the electrically conductive cutting plates of the jaw membersare each sandwiched between two layers of insulative material.
 5. Theend effector assembly according to claim 4, wherein the insulativematerial is a polymeric material.
 6. The end effector assembly accordingto claim 1, wherein the cutting element includes a cutting edge thatfacilitates mechanical separation of tissue during electrical activationthereof.
 7. The end effector assembly according to claim 1, wherein thesecond jaw member includes a second electrically conductive cuttingplate disposed on a non-tissue contacting side of the tissue contactingplate, the second electrically conductive cutting plate of the secondjaw member adapted to connect to the electrosurgical energy source, atleast a portion of the second electrically conductive cutting platedisposed within the longitudinal channel of the tissue contacting plateof the second jaw member.
 8. The end effector assembly according toclaim 7 wherein the cutting element of the first electrically conductivecutting plate and the second electrically conductive cutting platecooperate to grasp tissue therebetween.
 9. The end effector assemblyaccording to claim 1 wherein the cutting element of the firstelectrically conductive cutting plate is centrally disposed within thelongitudinal channel of the at least the first jaw member.
 10. The endeffector assembly according to claim 1 wherein the cutting element ofthe first electrically conductive cutting plate is non-centrallydisposed within the longitudinal channel of the at least the first jawmember.
 11. The end effector assembly according to claim 1, wherein thetissue contacting plates of the first and second jaw members are adaptedto connect to opposite potentials of an electrosurgical energy sourceand upon selective activation thereof cooperate to seal tissue disposedtherebetween.
 12. The end effector assembly according to claim 1 whereinthe cutting element of the first electrically conductive cutting plateis configured to extend into the longitudinal channel of the secondtissue contacting plate when the first and second jaw members areapproximated.
 13. An end effector assembly for use with anelectrosurgical instrument, the end effector assembly comprising: a pairof opposing first and second jaw members having a longitudinal axisdefined therebetween, at least one of the first and second jaw membersmoveable relative to the other from a first, open position to a second,closed position for grasping tissue, each of the first and second jawmembers including a tissue contacting plate disposed thereon andextending along the longitudinal axis having a longitudinal channeldefined therealong, the longitudinal channels disposed in substantialvertical registration relative to one another along the longitudinalaxis; and at least one electrically resistive cutting plate disposedwithin the first jaw member, the cutting plate having a bent stampedportion that forms a cutting element that extends perpendicularlyrelative to the longitudinal axis along the at least one electricallyresistive cutting plate and into the longitudinal channel of at leastthe first jaw member to engage, heat, and separate tissue uponactivation thereof, wherein a remaining portion of the cutting plateforms a perimeter around the stamped portion, wherein the bent stampedportion extends from at least one segment of the perimeter and defines agap between the bent stamped portion and the perimeter, and wherein thetissue contacting plate of the first jaw member is electricallyconductive and adapted to connect to the electrosurgical energy source;and an insulator disposed between the tissue contacting plate of atleast one of the first and second jaw members, and the at least oneelectrically resistive cutting plate.
 14. The end effector assemblyaccording to claim 13, wherein the at least one electrically resistivecutting plate is configured to heat tissue to a threshold temperatureassuring separation of tissue.
 15. An end effector assembly for use withan electrosurgical instrument, the end effector assembly comprising: apair of opposing first and second jaw members having a longitudinal axisdefined therebetween, at least one of the first and second jaw membersmoveable relative to the other from a first, open position to a second,closed position for grasping tissue, each of the first and second jawmembers including a tissue contacting plate disposed thereon andextending along the longitudinal axis and having a longitudinal channeldefined therealong, the tissue contacting plates having at least atissue contacting surface and a second surface, the longitudinalchannels disposed in substantial vertical registration relative to oneanother along the longitudinal axis; at least one insulating materiallayer disposed radially outward of at least one of the tissue contactingplates with respect to the longitudinal axis, the at least oneinsulating material layer having an upper surface and a lower surface,the upper surface and the second surface contacting each other; and afirst electrically conductive cutting plate disposed within the firstjaw member radially outward of the insulating material layer andcontacting the lower surface, the cutting plate including a cuttingelement that extends perpendicularly relative to the longitudinal axisalong the first electrically conductive cutting plate and into thelongitudinal channel of at least the first jaw member to engage andelectrosurgically sever tissue upon activation thereof, the cuttingplate including a gap defined by a perimeter surrounding the cuttingelement, wherein the tissue contacting plate of the first jaw member iselectrically conductive and adapted to connect to an electrosurgicalenergy source.